Welcome!

network: First Round Capital Guest

password: frclovesphilly

slides: http://lisa-yoder.com/slides/gdi-philly-2017/class1.html

Beginning HTML and CSS

Class 1

Welcome!

Girl Develop It is here to provide affordable and accessible programs to learn software through mentorship and hands-on instruction.

Some "rules"

We are here for you!
Every question is important
Help each other
Have fun

Welcome!

Tell us about yourself.

Who are you?
What do you hope to get out of the class?
What is your favorite or dream vacation destination?

What is HTML?

HTML is the code that allows us to build websites

What is HTML?

If you 'view the source', you see this

History of HTML

Invented by Tim Berners-Lee
Created "hypertext" to share scientific papers
First web page August 6, 1991
Standardized by w3 Consortium

History of HTML

HyperText Markup Language
Early 90s
HTML 4 in 1997
XHTML in 2000
HTML 5 in 2008

Terms

Web design

The process of planning, structuring and creating a website
Web development

The process of programming dynamic web applications
Front end

The outwardly visible elements of a website or application
Back end

The inner workings and functionality of a website or application.

Tools

Browser

Chrome

Firefox
Development Toolkit

Chrome - Inspector

Firefox - Firebug
Text Editor

TextWrangler - Mac

Notepad ++ - Windows

Sublime Text - Linux, Mac or Windows

gedit - Linux

Get Started: Sublime Text 2

We'll be using Sublime Text 2 in class today.

Download ST2 from www.sublimetext.com
Turn off Auto Correct & Tab Completion

Modify the Preferences / Settings / User Settings by adding these lines to the code:
- "tab_completion": false,
- "auto_complete": false,

Get Started: Folder Structure

All the files for your site should be stored within the same folder.

This includes:

HTML Files
CSS Files
Images
Script files
Anything else that will appear on your site

Note: File names should not include spaces or special characters. File names ARE case sensitive.

What we'll be building today

Today we will be learning how to code a site from scratch using paragraphs, headings, links, images, and lists.

Anatomy of a website

Your Content

+ HTML: Structure

+ CSS: Presentation

= Your Website

A website is a way to present your content to the world, using HTML and CSS to present that content & make it look good.

Anatomy of a website

Concrete example

A paragraph is your content

Putting your content into an HTML tag to make it look like a paragraph is Structure


                <p>A paragraph is your content</p>

Make the font of your paragraph blue and 18pt is presentation

A paragraph is your content

Anatomy of an HTML element

Element
- An individual component of HTML
- Paragraph, heading, table, list, div, link, image, etc.
Tag
- Marks the beginning & end of an element
- Opening tag and Closing Tag
- Tags contain characters that indicate the tags purpose
- ```
 This is a sample paragraph.
```

Tag Breakdown

Anatomy of an HTML element

Container Element
- An element that can contain other elements or content
- A paragraph () contains text
Stand Alone Element
- An element that cannot contain anything else
- ```
 
<img/> 
```

Anatomy of an HTML element

Attribute
- Provides additional information about the HTML element
- Class, ID, language, style, identity, source
- Placed inside an opening tag, before the right angle bracket.

Value

Value is the value assigned to a given attribute.
Values must be contained inside quotation marks.

<div id="copyright">© GDI 2013</div>
<img src="my_picture.jpg" /> 
<a href="http://girldevelopit.com">GDI</a>

Doctype

The ﬁrst thing on an HTML page is the doctype, which tells the browser which version of the markup language the page is using.


          <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML
          4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://
          www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">


          <!DOCTYPE html>

* The doctype is case-insensitive.
DOCtype, doctype, DocType and DoCtYpe are all valid.

HTML Tag

After <!doctype>, the page content must be contained between <html> tags.


            <!DOCTYPE html>
            <html>

            </html>

Head and Body Tags

Head: The head contains the title of the page & meta information about the page. Meta information is not visible to the user, but has many purposes, one of which is to tell search engines about your page, who created it, and a description.

Body: The body contains the actual content of the page. Everything that is contained in the body is visible to the user.

Head and Body Tags: Example

Head and Body Tags


            <!DOCTYPE html>
            <html>
               <head>
                <title>Title of the page </title>
               </head>
               <body>
                The page content here.
               </body>
            </html>

Let's develop it!

Let's get our web page set up with a doctype, head, title and body.

Later we'll add some content to it!

Nesting

All elements "nest" inside one another

Nesting is what happens when you put other containing tags inside other containing tags. For example, you would put the inside of the <body> tags. The is now nested inside the <body>

Whichever element OPENS first CLOSES last

Nesting: Example

Elements are 'nested' inside the <body> tag.


        	<body>
        	   <p>A paragraph inside the body tag</p>
        	</body>

Paragraphs 'nested' inside list items.


        	<ul>
        	   <li>
        	      <p>A paragraph inside a list item</p>
        	   </li>
        	</ul>

Element: Paragraph


  <p>Paragraph 1</p>
  <p>Paragraph 2</p>
  <p>Paragraph 3</p>


  <p>Paragraph 1</p> <p>Paragraph 2</p>  <p>Paragraph 3</p>


  <p>Paragraph 1</p> 
  
  
  <p>Paragraph 2</p>  
  <p>Paragraph 3</p>

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3

* White space is only for humans!

Example: Paragraphs

Paragraphs allow you to format your content in a readable fashion.

* You can edit how paragraphs are displayed with CSS

Element: Heading


  <h1>Heading 1</h1>
  <h2>Heading 2</h2>
  <h3>Heading 3</h3>
  <h4>Heading 4</h4>
  <h5>Heading 5</h5>
  <h6>Heading 6</h6>

Heading 1

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 4

Heading 5

Heading 6

* Heading number indicates hierarchy, not size. Think: Outlines from high school papers

Example: Headings

Let's Develop it!

Let's add some content to our site!

Add one of each level of heading with 1-2 short paragraphs of text below each heading.

Inline vs Block

So far, we have mostly seen "block" elements

They appear on the next line, like paragraphs

There are also "inline" elements

They appear on the same line that they are written on.

Block & Inline Elements,

CSS divides HTML into two types: inline and block.
After block elements, browsers render a new line.
Inline elements: img, a, br, em, strong
Block elements: p, h1, ul, li, almost everything else

Formatted text


<p>
  Here is a paragraph with <em>Emphasized</em> text and <strong>Important</strong> text.
</p>

Here is a paragraph with Emphasized text and Important text.

* Notice: em and strong are meant to indicate meaning through code. If you want to have italicized for style appearance and not to communicate meaning, you should use CSS.

Element: Link

Links have three components

Tag: <a></a>
Href attribute: "http://www.girldevelopit.com"
Title attribute: "Girl Develop It"


<a href="http://www.girldevelopit.com" title="Girl Develop It Homepage">GDI</a>

GDI

The <a> tag surrounds text or images to turn them into links

Link Attributes

Links can have attributes that tell the link to do different actions like open in a new tab, or launch your e-mail program.


<a href="home.html" target="_blank">Link Text</a>

Link opens in a new window/tab with target="_blank"


<a href="mailto:info@girldevelopit.com">E-mail us!</a>

Link opens mail program by inserting mailto: directly before the email address.

Relative vs. Absolute paths for links & images

Relative
- Relative paths change depending upon the page the link is on.
  - Links within the same directory need no path information. "filename.jpg"
  - Subdirectories are listed without preceding slashes. "img/filename.jpg"
Absolute
- Absolute paths refer to a specific location of a file, including the domain. "http://www.girldevelopit.com/chapters/detroit"
- Typically used when pointing to a link that is not within your own domain.

Let's Develop It

Let's add links to our site!

Add links that open in the same window, a new window and link to an e-mail address.

Element: Image

Images have three components

Tag: <img/>
Src attribute: "http://girldevelopit.com/assets/pink-logo.png"
Alt attribute: "Girl Develop It logo"


<img src="img/circle-gdi-logo.png" alt="Girl Develop It Logo"/>

* Notice: This tag is our first example of a stand-alone or "self-closing" element.

Element: Line Break


<p>
  Imagine there's no Heaven <br/>
  It's easy if you try <br/>
  No hell below us  <br/>
  Above us only sky
</p>

Imagine there's no Heaven
It's easy if you try
No hell below us
Above us only sky

Let's Develop It!

Let's add some images and line breaks to our page.

We can even turn our images into links!

Element: Unordered and ordered lists


  <ul>
    <li>List Item</li>
    <li>AnotherList Item</li>
  </ul>


  <ol>
    <li>List Item</li>
    <li>AnotherList Item</li>
  </ol>

Unordered list (bullets)

List Item
AnotherList Item

Ordered list (sequence)

List Item
AnotherList Item

Lists: Examples

Lists can be used to organize any list of items.

You'd be surprised how often lists are used in web design.

Let's Develop it!

Let's add one of each ordered and unordered lists to our page.

We can make a list of links or even a list of images!

Comments

You can add comments to your code that will not be seen by the browser, but only visible when viewing the code.


<!-- Comment goes here -->

Comments can be used to organize your code into sections so you (or someone else) can easily understand your code. It can also be used to 'comment out' large chunks of code to hide it from the browser.


<!-- Beginning of header -->
   <div id="header">Header Content </div>
<!-- End of header -->

<!--   
  <ol>
    <li>List Item</li>
    <li>Another List Item</li>
  </ol> 
-->

Tables

Tables are a way to represent complex information in a grid format.

Tables are made up of rows and columns.


<table>
  <tr> 
    <th>Head</th>
    <th>Head</th>
  </tr>
  <tr> 
    <td>Data</td>
    <td>Data</td>
  </tr>
</table>

Head	Head
Data	Data

Tables: Examples

Tables can be styled with CSS to add zebra striping or to highlight important rows/columns.

Character codes

There are character codes for many different characters in many different languages

Delta: δ δ
Copyright symbol: © ©
Grave: &grave; `
An grave a: à à
A full list is available at htmlandcssbook.com

Questions?

Getting started with CSS

Anatomy of a website

Your Content

+ HTML: Structure

+ CSS: Presentation

= Your Website

A website is a way to present your content to the world, using HTML and CSS to present that content & make it look good.

CSS: What is it?

CSS = Cascading Style Sheets

CSS is a "style sheet language" that lets you style the elements on your page.

CSS works in conjunction with HTML, but is not HTML itself.

CSS: What can it do?

All colored text, position, and size

CSS: What does it look like?

The CSS Rule


selector {
  property: value;
}

A block of CSS code is a rule.

The rule starts with a selector.

It has sets of properties and values.

A property-value pair is a declaration.

CSS Syntax

Declarations: Property and value of style you plan use on HTML element.

Declarations end with a semicolon

Declaration groups are surrounded by curly brackets.


selector {
  property: value;
  property: value;
  property: value;
}

Selector: Element


p {
  property: value;
}

Selects all paragraph elements.


img {
  property: value;
}

Selects all image elements.

Selector: ID


#footer {
  property: value;
}

Selects all elements with an id of "footer".


<p id="footer">Copyright 2011</p>

The associated HTML.

Selector: Class


.warning {
  color: red;
}

Selects all elements with a class of "warning".


<p class="warning">Run away!</p>

The associated HTML.

IDs vs. Classes

ID -- Should only apply to one element on a webpage. I.E. A webpage only has one footer.

The "#" is how you tell CSS "this is an id."

Class -- Many elements can have the same class. I.E. There can be many warnings on one webpage.

The "." is how you tell CSS "this is a class name."

Selector: Descendant


p em {
  color: yellow;
}

Selects all em elements that are within a paragraph


<p>This is <em>important.</em></p>

The associated HTML.

Property Values

Each property can have one or more comma separated values.


p{
  color: white;
  background-color: red;
  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}

Property: Color

The color property changes the color of the text.


p {
  color: red;
  color: #ff0000;
  color: rgb(255, 0, 0);
}

Color name

Hexadecimal value

RGB value

The 17 standard colors are: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, grey, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.

Property: Background-color

The background-color property changes the color of the background.


p {
  background-color: black;
  background-color: #000000;
  background-color: rgb(0,0,0);
}

Property: Font-family

The font-family property deﬁnes which font is used.


p {
  font-family: "Times New Roman";
  font-family: serif;
  font-family: "Arial", sans-serif;
}

Specific font name

Generic name

Comma-separated list

Property: Font-size

The font-size property speciﬁes the size of the font.


p {
  font-size: 12px;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  font-size: 100%;
}

Pixels

"em"

Percentage

Property: Fonts (shorthand)


p {
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-family: sans-serif;
}


p {
  font: italic bold 10px sans-serif;
}

Connecting CSS to HTML

3 ways

"Inline"

"Embedded"

"External"

Connecting CSS to HTML: Inline


  <p style="color:red">Some text.</p>

Uses the HTML attribute style.

Difficult to use in large projects

Not preferred.

Connecting CSS to HTML: Embedded


<head>
  <style type="text/css">
    p {
      color: blue;
      font-size: 12px;
    }
  </style>
</head>

Inside <head> element.

Uses <style> tag.

Can only be used in one html file

Connecting CSS to HTML: Linked


<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
</head>

Shared resource for several pages.

Reduced ﬁle size & bandwidth

Easy to maintain in larger projects.

Preferred by developers everywhere!

Let's develop it

Create a new .css file
Add a link to the file in the head of the portfolio made last time
Add styles to change the colors, background colors or fonts of different parts of the content
Try using ids and classes to change specific elements

Cascading

Styles "cascade" down until changed


p{
  color:blue;
  font-family: 'Helvetica';
}
.red{
  color:red;
}
#special{
  font-family: Arial;
}


  <p>Paragraph</p>
  <p class ="green">Paragraph</p>
  <p class ="red">Paragraph</p>
  <p class = "red" id ="special">Paragraph</p>

CSS Properties

Many CSS properties have self-explanatory names:

background-color
font-family
font-size
color
width
height

Comprehensive list of all CSS properties

Additional information on CSS specificity

Additional Info

Read about CSS floats

Read about the box model